Cardiology 1

A 24-year-old woman is in her first trimester of pregnancy. Which of the following medications may be prescribed at this time?

A 67-year-old man has a 1 week history of bilateral ankle edema. Examination shows normal jugular venous pressure. Lung and heart examination is normal. Mild bilateral ankle edema is noted. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the edema?

A 70-year-old man has a 2 week history of fatigue and low grade fever. Presence of which of the following would suggest endocarditis as the underlying disease?

A 38-year-old woman has an atrial septal defect with a large left to right shunt. She is at increased risk of which of the following complications?

A 73-year-old man who has a prosthetic mitral valve is to undergo a dental extraction. He is allergic to penicillin. Which of the following is the preferred antibiotic to be administered as endocarditis prophylaxis?

A 10-year-old girl has congenital long QT interval syndrome. Which of the following is most likely to precipitate polymorphous ventricular tachycardia (torsades de pointes)?

Amlodipine therapy is to be initiated in a 66-year-old woman in treatment of hypertension. Which of the following is appropriate counseling concerning the medication?

A 20-year-old male using cocaine, has the acute onset of severe, tearing anterior chest pain. Ten minutes later, blood pressure is 64/40 mm Hg, pulse 136/min/regular, and respirations 34/min. Jugular venous pressure is elevated at 7 cm. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 68-year-old man who has chronic hypertension has the acute onset of severe, tearing anterior chest pain. Ten minutes later, blood pressure is 70/40 mm Hg, pulse 140/min/regular, and respirations 40/min. Jugular venous pressure is elevated. Which of the following is preferred initial diagnostic test for pericardial tamponade?

A 72-year-old woman has a 3 week history of weakness. Blood pressure 92/74 mm Hg, pulse 102/min/regular. Examination shows the apical impulse to be in the 6th intercostal space in the anterior axillary line. A 3/6 apical holosystolic murmur is heard. Which of the following medicines should not be taken by the patient?

A 27-year-old male presents for an employment physical. He has no acute complaints. He is 6 foot 7 inches tall, and weighs 168 pounds. You observe that he has a long arm span and long fingers. He has hyper-mobile joints. His cardiac examination is normal. A chest x-ray reveals that there is a widened mediastinum. Which of the following tests is indicated to follow up on this finding?

A 43-year-old male presents requesting a “cholesterol check.” He has never had one done before, but is concerned because his 57 year old brother just had an MI. He is a smoker, and has no history of hypertension or diabetes. There is no other family history of coronary artery disease. His blood pressure today is 130/78. His labs are as follows: Total cholesterol: 248mg/dl, LDLc: 178mg/dl, HDLc: 24mg/dl, Triglycerides: 125 mg/dl. Which of the following LDLc levels should be the target range at which lipid lowering medication should be started in this patient?

Which of the following medications, when given to patients after myocardial infarction (MI), can prevent recurrent MI?

Which of the following ECG findings is seen commonly in the acute phase of pericarditis?

An 83-year-old woman is first seen in the office with complaint of chest pain on exertion and a syncopal episode. Physical examination reveals a grade IV/VI systolic murmur heard best at the base and radiating to the neck. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 32-year-old woman comes to the office with complaint of sharp chest pain, dizziness, and palpitations. Physical examination discloses a late systolic murmur best heard at the apex, which increases in intensity with standing, and a mid-systolic click. Her ECG and Holter monitor are normal. An echocardiogram confirms a diagnosis. What medication is most effective to improve her symptoms?

In patients with valvular heart disease, which of the following is the recommended regimen for endocarditis prophylaxis when undergoing dental procedures?

What is the most common etiology of pulmonic stenosis?

A 45-year-old man is brought to the emergency department with sudden onset of severe tearing anterior chest pain that radiates to the back between the scapulae. Physical examination discloses a blood pressure of 88/46 and weak peripheral pulses. Which is the best study to obtain a rapid diagnosis?

What criteria are used in the diagnosis of rheumatic fever?

An elderly male patient arrives in the emergency room and is believed to be suffering from congestive heart. You must determine whether the patient’s heart failure is occurring predominantly on the left or right side of his heart. Which of the following symptoms would indicate right-sided failure?

A 41-year-old male patient arrives in the emergency room complaining of chest discomfort. He has a history of pericardial disorders. Which of the following sets of symptoms would indicate that he is suffering from cardiac tamponade?

A 63-year-old female patient who has just had a hip replacement is started on Coumadin therapy and fitted with graduated compression stockings. You also prescribe pneumatic compression therapy. What condition are these measures primarily aimed at preventing?

A 64-year-old male patient with a history of cardiac problems presents at the clinic with fatigue, dyspnea, and decreased exercise intolerance. You believe he may be suffering from a valvular disorder. Which of the following symptoms would exclusively suggest an aortic, rather than mitral, disorder?

A 73-year-old female patient presents at the clinic with nervous tingling, poor coordination, edema, weakness, and cardiac dysfunction. You believe she may be suffering from a nutritional deficiency. Which of the following vitamins is the patient most likely lacking?

A newborn male patient suddenly shows signs of a congenital heart defect. The baby has become cyanotic and presents with shock, respiratory distress, and apparent heart failure. From which of the following congenital heart defects is the patient most likely suffering?

A 58-year-old male patient arrives in the emergency room with chest pain and an apparent arrhythmia. His examination reveals runs of ventricular tachycardia with symptomatic ventricular premature beats. He has not yet shown any signs of ventricular fibrillation and you want to prevent any such occurrence. Which of the following treatments would be most appropriate for the patient’s current condition?

Which of the following most accurately describes a Torsades de pointes ventricular arrhythmia?

A 45-year-old male with hypertension undergoes a series of laboratory tests including a lipid profile. The lipid profile is most important to determining which of the following?

A 58-year-old obese woman with type 2 diabetes and hypercholesterolemia comes to your office with dyspnea, nausea, and pain in her neck and jaw. Her blood pressure is 170/90 and her pulse is 100. Which of the following diagnoses must be ruled our first?