Renal 4

A 7-year-old boy comes to the office with his mother concerned about him wetting the bed on most nights. Which of the following is the preferred pharmacological agent to decrease the incidence of bed wetting episodes?

A 68-year-old man with symptomatic benign prostatic hypertrophy asks you to prescribe a drug that will make him less symptomatic. You prescribe finasteride. Which of the following is the mechanism of action of this drug?

A 47-year-old man has a 1 week history of polydipsia and polyuria. Serum sodium is 152 mEq/L and fasting plasma glucose is 89 mg/dL. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 22-year-old man has right flank pain and gross hematuria. Polycystic kidney disease is diagnosed. Which of the following is the most likely finding to be noted upon examination?

A 57-year-old postmenopausal female with a history of diabetes, epilepsy, and hypertension presents with numbness and tingling in her fingers and toes, intermittent muscle spasms in her hands and legs, and a depressed mood for the past several weeks. HPI is otherwise unremarkable. Current medications include phenytoin, hydrochlorothiazide/spironolactone, conjugated estrogens, and pioglitazone. Vital signs are stable. Physical examination is significant for a positive Chvostek’s sign and diminished light touch sensation in the fingers and toes. Strength is equal bilaterally. ECG shows a prolonged QT interval. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 13-year-old male presents to the emergency department with fever (102.1° F; oral), anorexia, and oliguria with dark urine. Physical examination reveals periorbital edema and right-sided CVA tenderness. CBC is WNL. Basic metabolic profile is significant for a creatinine level of 4.2 mg/dL (normal: 0.8-1.4 mg/dL). Urinalysis reveals proteinuria and RBC casts. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 20-year-old African American man who is an intravenous heroin drug abuser now has nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following is the most likely kidney disorder?

The presence of which of the following differentiates diabetes insipidus from diabetes mellitus?

A 57-year-old man who takes no medicine has a history of recurrent uric acid kidney stones. He now has new-onset hypertension. Which of the following anti-hypertensive medications is contraindicated?

A 57-year-old woman has end stage renal disease caused by chronic glomerulonephritis. Which of the following is the most likely condition to be associated with the renal disease?

Which of the following arterial blood gas findings is common to respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis?

Which of the following should be used in the treatment of asymptomatic hyponatremia?

Which of the following is a risk factor for stress incontinence?

Which of the following is the most likely cause of dysuria in an adult male?

Hypokalemia causes all of the following except:

Which of the following is a characteristic of renal vascular hypertension?

Which of the following is a characteristic of bladder carcinoma?

A 32-year-old woman is first seen with complaints of unilateral nipple bloody discharge. Physical examination demonstrates symmetric breasts without masses, nodules, lesions, or skin changes. Nipple is positive for bloody discharge with palpation. The most likely diagnosis is:

Which of the following chemotherapeutic agents blocks estrogen receptors and is useful in the treatment of some breast cancers?

Which of the following would be the appropriate treatment in the management of localized breast cancer (stage I or II)?

The most common site of breast tumors is:

A 17-year-old male arrives at the emergency department for acute scrotal pain and swelling for 2 hours. He denies trauma, history of fever, or recent illness. Examination discloses an afebrile patient with a left testicle that is tender and slightly enlarged. Due to tenderness, it is difficult to identify a distinct mass. Cremaster reflex is absent. The right testis is normal. Urinalysis is negative for bacteria and leukocytes. Which of the following is the diagnostic test of choice?

A 17-year-old male arrives at the emergency department for acute scrotal pain and swelling for 2 hours. He denies trauma, history of fever, or recent illness. Examination discloses an afebrile patient with a left testicle that is tender and slightly enlarged. Due to tenderness, it is difficult to identify a distinct mass. Cremaster reflex is absent. The right testis is normal. Urinalysis is negative for bacteria and leukocytes. In this patient, which of the following is false regarding the prognosis?

Which of the following diagnostic procedures is the gold standard for diagnosing abnormalities of the testicles?

Which of the following laboratory values are indicative of a nonseminomatous germ cell testicular tumor?

Which of the following medications is used to counteract the effects of an overdose of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4)?

A 36-year-old male presents with uncharacteristic heaviness in the right testicle. Ultrasound examination reveals an intratesticular echogenic focus. Laboratory results reveal normal levels of a-fetoprotein and a-human chorionic gonadotropin, confirming the diagnosis of a stage I seminomatous testicular tumor. Which of the following is the appropriate course of treatment for a stage I seminomatous testicular tumor?

A 63-year-old male presents with gross hematuria and flank pain. Physical examination reveals a palpable mass. Laboratory test results and diagnostic studies lead to a diagnosis of localized renal cell carcinoma without metastases. Which of the following treatments is required to adequately treat this disorder?

Which of the following types of tumors of the genitourinary system is resistant to radiation therapy?

A 14-year-old male presents with tenderness, redness, and purulent drainage of the penis. Patient also complains of obstructed urinary stream and inability to retract the foreskin over the glans penis. Your diagnosis is phimosis. Which of the following is the most definitive treatment for symptomatic phimosis?