Pulmonology 1

Which of the following pathogenetic mechanisms is the primary cause of asthma?

A 28-year-old male presents with an acute onset of dyspnea. Physical exam reveals pulsus paradoxus. Which one of the following chest/pulmonary findings is most indicative of a spontaneous pneumothorax?

A 33-year-old pregnant female presents to the Emergency Department with an abrupt onset of a single shaking chill followed by a fever, productive cough of rust colored sputum, and pleuritic chest pain. Chest x-ray is pending. Upon physical examination you find the right lower lobe has dullness to percussion, coarse rales, and increased tactile fremitus. What is the treatment of choice?

A 25-year-old pregnant female has sudden onset of sharp pleuritic chest pain, and becomes apprehensive, tachypneic, and diaphoretic. Which of the following studies is the most useful diagnostic modality for this patient?

A 77-year-old man has shortness of breath. Exam shows a dilated left ventricle and apical S3 gallop. Chest X-rays shows a pleural effusion. Which of the following would be expected in this patient?

What group of pulmonary hypertension does sarcoidosis fall into?

What group of pulmonary hypertension is seen in patients with COPD?

Which of the following conditions often is associated with a high hematocrit?

The most common cause of respiratory distress in the preterm infant is hyaline membrane disease (infant respiratory distress syndrome). This condition is due to which of the following?

Chronic respiratory disease, failure to thrive and meconium ileus is most consistent with which of the following diagnoses?

A 54-year-old male presents for an evaluation of a chronic productive cough that has been present for approximately 2 years. He denies shortness of breath, hemoptysis, or weight loss. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes per day since he was 14 years old. On examination he appears to be comfortable, and in no apparent distress. His respiratory rate is 14 breaths per minute. Coarse rhonchi are heard throughout. Spirometry is performed and shows a FEV1/FVC of 0.60. There is no reversibility of these results following administration of albuterol Chest x-ray is unremarkable with the exception of mild peribronchial markings. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

An obese 48-year-old male presents to the emergency room with a complaint of sudden onset of pleuritic chest pain and shortness of breath 2 hours ago. He is a 2 pack a day smoker and has just returned to the United States from a business trip in Tokyo three days ago. On examination he is morbidly obese, and appears to be in mild distress. His respirations are 22 breaths per minute, and his pulse rate is 140/minute and regular. His cardiac and pulmonary examinations are normal. Which of the following findings is most likely to be seen on his ECG?

Which of the following is considered the most common mechanism(s) of acquiring a lower respiratory tract infection?

Which of the following physical examination findings is most consistent with consolidation of a lung field?

A 64-year-old man comes to the clinic complaining of a sudden onset of fever, chills, and productive cough over the past 12 hours. He has no other medical problems but states that he had a viral respiratory tract infection for the past week before his present symptoms. Physical examination shows right middle lobe rales and crackles on auscultation and dullness to percussion. Which of the following is the most likely etiologic agent?

Which of the following can be considered a complication of pneumonia?

Which of the following is a known etiology of diffuse parenchymal lung disease?

Which of the following is the most common presenting complaint in patients with diffuse parenchymal lung disease?

Which of the following is considered the most important initial treatment for patients with diffuse parenchymal lung disease?

Which of the following is the most common mechanism(s) of respiratory failure?

A 47-year-old non-smoking male patient who was recently treated for a lung infection complains of difficulty breathing and a persistent cough that is frequently accompanied by odorous mucus. The patient’s physical examination also reveals clubbing and localized chest crackles. He shows no signs of asthenia or hepatomegaly. Which of the following diagnoses is most likely to be correct?

A 27-year-old female patient has been consistently suffering for some time from a severe mucus- producing cough, weakness, sinus pain, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. She has also been struggling with infertility issues. Her examination reveals clubbing and apical crackles. There is no reported bronchial damage. Which of the following diagnoses is most likely to be correct?

A 55-year-old female patient presents at the clinic with fever, cough, shortness of breath, and persistent hiccups. She also reports sharp chest pain that worsens when she coughs. You suspect she may be suffering from a pleural effusion and diagnostic testing reveals that the patient has an infection within the pleural space. Based on this information, from which type of pleural effusion is the patient suffering?

A 40-year-old woman who recently moved to the United States from Kenya comes to the office with hemoptysis, fatigue, fever, and night sweats. You suspect Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB). She reports receiving many vaccines as a child. It is highly likely that she received the bacilli Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine against TB, but she is not sure whether she received that particular vaccine. Which test yields the quickest results for diagnosing TB in this patient?

A 39-year-old female patient who suffered serious injuries in an automobile accident is on a ventilator with endotracheal intubation in the intensive care unit. After two days, she begins to show signs of illness and you diagnose her with hospital-acquired pneumonia. Based on her condition, which of the following pathogens is most likely to have caused the patient’s pneumonia?

A 60-year-old male patient arrives in the emergency room complaining of respiratory difficulty. He presents with insidious dry cough, exertion dyspnea, fatigue, and malaise. Which of the following diagnoses is most likely to be correct?

A 47-year-old male patient with a history of alcohol abuse presents at the clinic with a fever, cough, breathlessness, shaking chills, and fatigue. You diagnose him with pneumonia. Which of the following organisms is the most likely cause of his condition?

Which of the following individuals would be most likely to develop berryliosis?

Which of the following immunizations could cause an anaphylactic reaction in an infant with an egg allergy?

A 16-year-old boy presents with a cough, which began as a dry cough about a month ago and has progressed to a productive cough with hemoptysis. The boy has lost weight, complains of chest pain and night sweats, and has a fever. After diagnosis, the boy received a 2-month pharmaceutical regimen including a combination of isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. This combination of drugs is used to treat which of the following pulmonary conditions?