Gastroenterology 4

What vitamin deficiency can cause Pellagra and psychosis?

What vitamin deficiency can cause Wernicke’s encephalopathy?

Thiamine and Vitamin E deficiency both cause what similar symptoms?

What infectious agent is often the cause of diarrhea and outbreaks on cruise ships?

A 77-year-old man has recurrent bloody diarrhea without associated fever or vomiting. The gastrointestinal condition is most likely an adverse reaction to which of the following?

A 44 year-old male has frequent GERD symptoms and he undergoes a routine upper endoscopy for evaluation. Which of the following hernias is most likely the cause of his GERD?

Non caseating granulomas are seen on CT of a patient that presents with hematochezia. What is the suspected diagnosis?

A patient presents with a lesion located near the ring of the anus, it is non painful and an acid schiff stain is positive. What is the diagnosis?

Two weeks after having undergone a Roux-en-Y operation in order to lose weight, a 55-year-old man has weakness, tremor, and profuse sweating that starts 15 minutes after eating. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 62-year-old woman has a 6 week history of vague upper abdominal discomfort radiating through to the back, anorexia, and 7 pound weight loss. Examination shows a 2 cm hard, non-tender left supraclavicular node. The abdomen is flat, soft, non-tender without mass. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Which of the following is the preferred treatment for patients with chronic hepatitis C?

Which of the following types of viral hepatitis is most likely to result in chronic disease in the adult population?

All of the following are risk factors for developing hepatitis A except?

An 18-year-old male presents to your office with the chief complaint of abdominal pain for 24 hours. The history is significant for constant periumbilical abdominal pain that started after lunch yesterday. He vomited once. Physical exam is significant for a low-grade fever and moist and clammy skin. Abdominal exam reveals normal active bowel sounds throughout. There is tenderness to light palpation in the right lower quadrant. In addition to blood work, which of the following diagnostic tests would be the most accurate next step in your workup for this patient?

Which of the following laboratory findings best correlates with the severity of acute pancreatitis?

Which of the following is the most important principle in the management of a patient with cirrhosis?

A 40-year-old woman arrives at the office complaining of epigastric pain for 2 weeks. The pain is described as gnawing, worse between meals, and somewhat relieved with food consumption. On physical examination, mild epigastric tenderness is noted. Stool is negative for occult blood. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Which of the following is the treatment of choice for active peptic ulcer disease not related to Helicobacter pylori?

Which of the following etiologies is responsible for the greatest number of infants with failure to thrive?

Which of the following is associated with meconium aspiration syndrome?

A 35-year-old male presents with a history of abdominal pain, heartburn, bloating, and nausea. Treatments for peptic ulcer disease have provided no relief of symptoms. Bloodwork reveals a fasting gastrin level of 268 pg/mL, which is indicative of hypergastrinemia. Endoscopy reveals a gastrinoma in the duodenum. Based on the patient’s presentation and test results, which of the following is the most appropriate diagnosis?

A 12-month-old infant presents with skull deformity and rib-breastbone joint enlargement. The child had development issues including delays in sitting, walking, and crawling. Bloodwork showed decreased calcium and vitamin D. X-ray reveals flattened skull, bowing of long bones, and dorsal kyphosis. Based on the patient’s presentation, history, and test results, which of the following is the correct diagnosis?

A 9-year-old female who was recently treated for influenza presents with vomiting, lethargy, jaundice, altered mental status, and seizures. Bloodwork reveals increased liver enzymes, hypoglycemia, increased ammonia levels, and prolonged prothrombin time. Based on the patient’s presentation and lab results, which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 59-year-old female presents with persistent nausea and an excessively full feeling after meals. The patient was prescribed prokinetic medications, which partially relieved her symptoms. Based on the patient’s presentation and response to medication, which of the following is the most appropriate diagnosis?

Which of the following refers to the gastrointestinal disorder that is characterized by increased volume and frequency of stool?

A newborn infant presents with excessive saliva and choking with attempts to feed. Attempt to drop a nasogastric tube for feedings was unsuccessful. Based on the patient’s presentation, which of the following is the appropriate diagnosis?

A 62-year-old female who is being treated for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) presents with progressively worsening symptoms of heartburn and regurgitation. The patient is currently being treated with histamine blockers, with no relief of symptoms. Endoscopy reveals severe disease with evidence of erosive gastritis. Which of the following medications would you prescribe to effectively manage this patient’s gastroesophageal reflux disease?

A 10-year-old boy presents with poor appetite, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Physical exam reveals hypertension and a palpable abdominal mass. Blood work reveals an elevated renin level. Ultrasound of the kidneys reveals a mass in the left kidney. Based on the patient’s presentation, physical exam, and test results, which of the following is the proper diagnosis?

A 70-year-old female with a history of portal hypertension from chronic viral hepatitis presents with hematamesis. Endoscopy reveals dilatation of the veins of the esophagus. Based on the patient’s presentation and test results, which of the following is the most appropriate diagnosis?

Which of the following is the Gram-negative, spiral-shaped bacillus that is responsible for most gastric ulcers and chronic gastritis?